Gukata lazeri Irashobora gukorwa hamwe cyangwa idafite gaz ifasha kugirango ikureho ibintu byashongeshejwe cyangwa byuka. Ukurikije imyuka itandukanye yingirakamaro ikoreshwa, gukata lazeri birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine: gukata imyuka, gukata gushonga, gukata okiside no gukata kuvunika.

 

(1) Gukata imyuka

Imirasire-yingufu nyinshi ya laser ikoreshwa mugushyushya igihangano, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwubuso bwibintu buzamuka vuba kandi bugera aho butetse bwibikoresho mugihe gito cyane, ibyo bikaba bihagije kugirango wirinde gushonga biterwa no gutwara ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho bitangira guhumeka, kandi igice cyibikoresho bigahinduka umwuka bikabura. Umuvuduko wo gusohora iyi myuka irihuta cyane. Mugihe imyuka isohotse, igice cyibikoresho kijugunywa munsi yigitereko gitemba gazi yingoboka nkibisohoka, bigacika ibice. Mugihe cyo guca imyuka, imyuka ikuramo ibice byashongeshejwe hamwe n imyanda yogejwe, ikora umwobo. Mugihe cyo guhumeka, hafi 40% byibintu bicika nkumwuka, mugihe 60% byibikoresho bivanwaho numwuka uhumeka muburyo butonyanga. Ubushyuhe bwo guhumeka bwibikoresho muri rusange ni bunini cyane, bityo guca imyuka ya laser bisaba imbaraga nini nubucucike. Ibikoresho bimwe bidashobora gushonga, nk'ibiti, ibikoresho bya karubone na plastiki zimwe na zimwe, byaciwe mu buryo hakoreshejwe ubu buryo. Gukata imyuka ya lazeri ikoreshwa cyane mu gukata ibikoresho by'ibyuma byoroheje cyane n'ibikoresho bitari ibyuma (nk'impapuro, igitambaro, ibiti , plastike na rubber, nibindi).

 

(2) Gukata gushonga

Ibikoresho by'icyuma bishongeshwa no gushyushya urumuri rwa laser. Iyo ubwinshi bwimbaraga zibyabaye laser zirenze agaciro runaka, imbere yibikoresho aho urumuri rumurikira rutangira guhinduka, rukora umwobo. Iyo umwobo umaze gushingwa, ikora nkumubiri wumukara kandi ikurura ibintu byose byabaye. Umwobo muto uzengurutswe n'urukuta rw'icyuma gishongeshejwe, hanyuma gaze ya okiside (Ar, He, N, nibindi) isukwa binyuze muri cozzial coaxial hamwe nigiti. Umuvuduko ukabije wa gaze utera ibyuma byamazi bikikije umwobo. Mugihe igihangano cyimuka, Umwobo muto ugenda uhuza icyerekezo cyo gukata kugirango ugabanye. Urumuri rwa lazeri rukomeza kuruhande rwimbere rwigitereko, kandi ibikoresho bishongeshejwe biva kure cyane muburyo bukomeza cyangwa butera. Gukata lazeri ntibisaba guhumeka neza kwicyuma, kandi ingufu zisabwa ni 1/10 cyo gukata imyuka. Gukata Laser gushonga bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukata ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bitarimo okiside byoroshye cyangwa ibyuma bikora, nkibyuma bitagira umwanda, titanium, aluminium hamwe nuruvange rwabo.

 

(3) Gukata Oxidation flux

Ihame risa no gukata ogisijeni-acetylene. Ikoresha lazeri nko gushyushya isoko yubushyuhe na ogisijeni cyangwa izindi gaze ikora nko guca gaze. Ku ruhande rumwe, gaze ihumeka ihura na okiside hamwe nicyuma gikata kandi ikarekura ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa okiside; kurundi ruhande, okiside yashongeshejwe hanyuma igashonga isohoka hanze ya reaction kugirango ikorwe mubyuma. Kubera ko reaction ya okiside mugihe cyo gukata itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi, ingufu zikenerwa mugukata ogisijeni ya laser ni 1/2 gusa cyo gukata, kandi umuvuduko wo gukata urenze cyanegukata imyuka ya laser no gukata.

 

(4) Kugenzura gukata kuvunika

Kubikoresho byangiritse byangizwa nubushyuhe byoroshye, urumuri rwinshi-rufite ingufu za lazeri rukoreshwa mugusikana hejuru yibintu byacitse kugirango bigahumeka akantu gato iyo ibintu bishyushye, hanyuma hagashyirwaho igitutu runaka kugirango ukore hejuru- umuvuduko, kugabanywa gukata ukoresheje laser beam. Ibikoresho bizacikamo ibice bito. Ihame ryiki gikorwa cyo guca ni uko urumuri rwa laser rushyushya agace ka?ibikoresho bimenetse, bitera igipimo kinini cyumuriro nubushyuhe bukabije bwimashini muri kariya gace, biganisha kumyuka yibikoresho. Igihe cyose icyiciro kimwe cyo gushyushya gikomeje, urumuri rwa lazeri rushobora kuyobora kurema no gukwirakwira mu cyerekezo icyo ari cyo cyose wifuza. Ivunika ryagenzuwe rikoresha ikwirakwizwa ry’ubushyuhe bukabije butangwa mu gihe cyo gukurura lazeri kugira ngo habeho ubushyuhe bw’umuriro mu bikoresho byoroshye kugira ngo ibintu bimeneke kuruhande ruto. Twabibutsa ko uku gucamo gucikamo ibice bidakwiriye gukata inguni zikarishye. Gukata ibinini binini bifunze nabyo ntibyoroshye kubigeraho neza. Umuvuduko wo kugabanya kuvunika kugenzurwa birihuta kandi ntibisaba imbaraga nyinshi cyane, bitabaye ibyo bizatera ubuso bwakazi gushonga no kwangiza inkombe yikata. Ibyingenzi byingenzi bigenzura ni laser power nubunini bwibibanza.