Akaga gashoboka katewe no gukoresha lasers: Ibyangiritse bya Laser, ibyangiritse byamashanyarazi, kwangirika kwimashini, kwangirika kwumukungugu.

1.1 Ibisobanuro bya Laser
Icyiciro cya 1: umutekano mubikoresho. Mubisanzwe ibi ni ukubera ko urumuri rufunzwe rwose, nko mumukinnyi wa CD.

Icyiciro cya 1m (icyiciro 1m): umutekano mubikoresho. Ariko hariho akaga mugihe cyibanze ku kirahure cyangwa microscope.

Icyiciro cya 2 (icyiciro cya 2): Nibyiza mubihe bisanzwe byo gukoresha. Umucyo ugaragara ufite uburebure bwa 400-700nm hamwe nijisho ryahumbiriye (igihe cyo gusubiza 0,25) gishobora kwirinda gukomeretsa. Ibikoresho nkibi mubisanzwe bifite munsi yububasha bwa 1mw, nka lazeri.

Icyiciro cya 2m: umutekano mubikoresho. Ariko hariho akaga mugihe cyibanze ku kirahure cyangwa microscope.

Icyiciro cya 3r (icyiciro cya 3r): Ubusanzwe imbaraga zigera kuri 5mw, kandi hari ibyago bike byo kwangirika kumaso mugihe cyahishe. Gutegereza kuri beam kumasegonda menshi birashobora gutera umwambaro byihuse kuri retina.

Icyiciro cya 3b: Guhura nimirasire ya laser irashobora kwangiza amaso ako kanya.

Icyiciro cya 4: Laser irashobora gutwika uruhu, ndetse rimwe na rimwe, ndetse itatanyeho umucyo wa laser urashobora gutera amaso no kwangirika uruhu. Gutera umuriro cyangwa guturika. Abahiga benshi mu nganda na siyanse baguye muri iri somo.

1.2 Uburyo bwo kwangirika bwa laser ni ingaruka zubushyuhe bwa laser, igitutu cyacyo na fotochemical reaction. Ibice byakomeretse ni amaso yumuntu nuruhu. Kwangiza amaso y'abantu: Birashobora kwangiza Cornea na Retina. Ahantu hamwe nurutonde rwibyangiritse biterwa nuburebure bwumurongo nurwego rwa laser. Ibyangiritse byatewe na laser kumaso yumuntu biragoye. Kuyobora, kugaragara kandi biracyagaragaza ibitambara bya laser bishobora kwangiza amaso yabantu. Kubera ingaruka zishingiye ku jisho ry'umuntu, urumuri rwashint (itagaragara) wasohotse nuyu laser ni wangiza cyane ijisho ryabantu. Iyo iyi mirasire yinjiye munyeshuri, izibanda kuri retina hanyuma ikatwika retina, itera igihombo cyo gutakaza cyangwa ubuhumyi. Ibyangiritse kuruhu: Abahiga bakomeye batera ubwoba; Ultraviolet lasers irashobora gutera gucana, kanseri yuruhu, no kuzamura uruhu gusa. Kwangiza laser ku ruhu bigaragarira biteraga impamyabumenyi zitandukanye, ibisebe, pigmentation, n'ibisebe, kugeza igihe tissue yo mu isabukuru izasenyutse rwose.

1.3 Ibirahuri birinda
Umucyo wasohotse na laser ni imirasire itagaragara. Kubera imbaraga nyinshi, ndetse no mu kibero utatanye birashobora gutuma kwangiza ibirahure. Iyi laser ntabwo izanye ibikoresho byo kurinda amaso, ariko ibikoresho byo kurengera amaso bigomba kwambarwa igihe cyose mugihe cyo gukora laser. Ibirahuri byumutekano bya laser byose biragira akamaro muburyo bwihariye. Mugihe uhisemo ibirahuri bibereye laser W / cm2) cyangwa ubucucike bwingufu za Irradiation (j / cm2) 5. Imyambarire ntarengwa (MPE).

1.4 Ibyangiritse by'amashanyarazi
Imbaraga zo gutanga imbaraga za laser ibikoresho bitatu-icyiciro cya 380 ac. Kwishyiriraho no gukoresha ibikoresho bya laser bigomba kuba bifite ishingiro. Mugihe cyo gukoresha, ugomba kwitondera umutekano wamashanyarazi kugirango wirinde ibikomere byamashanyarazi. Iyo usezerewe na laser, hagomba guhinduka imbaraga zigomba kuzimwa. Niba gukomeretsa amashanyarazi bibaye, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kuvura bigomba gufatwa kugirango wirinde ibikomere bya kabiri. Uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura: kuzimya imbaraga, abakozi barekura umutekano, hamagara ubufasha, hanyuma uherekeze abakomeretse.

1.5 Ibyangiritse
Mugihe ukomeza no gusana laser, ibice bimwe biraremereye kandi bifite impande zityaye, bishobora gutera kwangirika byoroshye cyangwa gukata. Ugomba kwambara uturindantoki turinda, inkweto z'umutekano wo kurwanya no kumenagura ibindi bikoresho byo gukingira.

1.6 gaze no kwangirika umukungugu
Iyo udukoni twa laser bikozwe, umukungugu nu mpinga ifite uburozi. Aho uhantu hagomba kuba ufite ibikoresho bifite ishingiro hamwe nibikoresho byo gukusanya ivumbi, cyangwa kwambara masike kugirango urinde.

1.7 Ibyifuzo byumutekano
1. Ingamba zikurikira zirashobora gufatwa kugirango umutekano wibikoresho bya laser:
2. Kugabanya uburyo bwo kubona ibikoresho bya Laser. Gusobanura uburenganzira bwo kubona agace ka laser. Ibibujijwe birashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa no gufunga umuryango no gushiraho amatara yo kuburira nibimenyetso byo kuburira hanze yumuryango.
3. Mbere yo kwinjira muri laboratoire kubikorwa byoroheje, kumanika ikimenyetso cyo kuburira urumuri, fungura urumuri rwo kuburira, kandi umenyeshe abakozi bakikije.
4. Mbere yo gutanga akazi kuri laser, yemeza ko ibikoresho byumutekano bikoreshwa neza. Harimo: Amashanyarazi yoroheje, hejuru yumuriro, ibivange, masgs, amasuka, intera, ibikoresho byo guhumeka, ibikoresho bihinduka umuriro.
5. Nyuma yo gukoresha laser, uzimye laser nimbaraga mbere yo kugenda.
6. Guteza imbere uburyo bwo gukora neza, kubungabunga no kubyuka buri gihe, no gushimangira imicungire. Kora imyitozo yumutekano kubakozi kugirango batezimbere kumenya kwirinda guhungabana.