Ukusika kweLaser kunokwenziwa okanye ngaphandle koncedo lwerhasi ukunceda ukususa izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo okanye ezenziwe ngumphunga. Ngokweegesi ezincedisayo ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ukusika kwe-laser kunokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezine: ukusika umphunga, ukusika ukunyibilika, ukusika i-oxidation flux kunye nokusikwa kwe-fracture elawulwayo.

 

(1)Ukusika umphunga

I-laser ye-high-energy-density beam isetyenziselwa ukufudumeza i-workpiece, ibangela ukuba ukushisa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuphakame ngokukhawuleza kwaye kufikelele kwindawo yokubilisa yezinto ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, okwaneleyo ukuphepha ukunyibilika okubangelwa ukuqhutyelwa kokushisa. Izinto eziphathekayo ziqala ukuba ngumphunga, kwaye inxalenye yempahla iyancipha ibe ngumphunga kwaye iyanyamalala. Isantya sokukhupha lo mphunga sikhawuleza kakhulu. Ngelixa i-vapors ikhutshwe, inxalenye yempahla ikhutshwe phantsi kwe-slit yi-gas encedisayo ehamba njenge-ejections, eyenza i-slit kwizinto eziphathekayo. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokusika i-vaporization, umphunga uthatha iinqununu ezincibilikisiweyo kunye ne-debris ehlanjwe, yenza imingxuma. Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-vaporization, malunga ne-40% yezinto eziphathekayo ziyanyamalala njengomphunga, ngelixa i-60% yezinto eziphathekayo zisuswa yi-airflow ngendlela yamaconsi atyhidiweyo. Ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo bukhulu kakhulu, ngoko ke ukusika kwe-laser vaporization kufuna amandla amakhulu kunye noxinano lwamandla. Ezinye izinto ezingenakunyibilikiswa, ezifana nemithi, izinto zekhabhoni kunye neeplastiki ezithile, zisikwa zibe ziimilo ngale ndlela. , iplastiki kunye nerabha, njl.).

 

(2) Ukunyibilikisa ukusika

Izinto zetsimbi ziyancibilika ngokufudumeza nge-laser beam. Xa ukuxinana kwamandla kwesiganeko se-laser beam kudlula ixabiso elithile, ingaphakathi lezinto apho umqadi uhlanjululwayo uqala ukuphuphuma, wenze imingxuma. Nje ukuba umngxuma onjalo wenzeke, usebenza njengomzimba omnyama kwaye ufunxa onke amandla e-beam yesiganeko. Umngxuma omncinci ujikelezwe ngodonga lwentsimbi etyhidiweyo, kwaye emva koko i-non-oxidizing gas (Ar, He, N, njl.) ifafazwe nge-nozzle coaxial kunye nomqadi. Uxinzelelo olomeleleyo lwerhasi lubangela ukuba intsimbi engamanzi ejikeleze umngxuma ikhutshwe. Njengoko i-workpiece ihamba, Umngxuma omncinci uhamba ngokuhambelanayo kwindlela yokusika ukwenza ukusika. I-laser beam iyaqhubeka kunye nomgca ohamba phambili we-incision, kwaye izinto ezityhidiweyo zivuthelwa kude kwi-incision ngendlela eqhubekayo okanye yokubetha. I-Laser melting cutting ayifuni i-vaporization epheleleyo yesinyithi, kwaye amandla afunekayo yi-1/10 kuphela yokusika i-vaporization. Ukusika okunyibilikisa nge-laser kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukusika ezinye izinto ezingaxutywanga lula okanye isinyithi esisebenzayo, njengentsimbi engatyiwa, i-titanium, i-aluminiyam kunye neealloys zazo.

 

(3) Ukusikwa kwe-oxidation flux

Umgaqo ufana ne-oxygen-acetylene cutting. Isebenzisa i-laser njengomthombo wokushisa kwangaphambili kunye neoksijini okanye enye igesi esebenzayo njengegesi yokusika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igesi evuthelweyo ifumana i-oxidation reaction kunye nentsimbi yokusika kwaye ikhuphe ubushushu obukhulu be-oxidation; kwelinye icala, i-oksidi etyhidiweyo kunye nenyibilika zivuthelwa ngaphandle kwendawo yokusabela ukwenza ukusika kwintsimbi. Ekubeni i-oxidation reaction ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika ivelisa ubushushu obukhulu, amandla afunekayo kwi-laser oksijini ukusika kuphela i-1/2 ye-melting cut, kwaye isantya sokusika sikhulu kakhuluukusika umphunga we-laser kunye nokusika ukunyibilika.

 

(4) Ukulawulwa kwe-fracture cut

Kwizinto ezinqabileyo ezonakaliswe lula bubushushu, i-laser-high-energy-density beam ye-laser isetyenziselwa ukuskena umphezulu we-brittle material ukuba ibe ngumphunga i-groove encinci xa izinto zifudunyezwa, kwaye emva koko kusetyenziswe uxinzelelo oluthile ukwenza okuphezulu- isantya, ukusika ezilawulekayo ngokusebenzisa zokufudumeza umqadi laser. Izinto eziphathekayo ziya kuhlukana kunye ne-grooves encinci. Umgaqo wale nkqubo yokusika kukuba i-laser beam iyatshisa indawo yendawo.i-brittle material, ebangela i-gradient enkulu ye-thermal kunye ne-deformation enzima yomatshini kwindawo, ekhokelela ekubunjweni kweentanda kwizinto eziphathekayo. Logama nje i-gradient yokufudumeza efanayo igciniwe, i-laser beam inokukhokelela ekudaleni ukuqhekeka kunye nokusasazwa kulo naliphi na icala elinqwenelekayo. I-fracture elawulwayo isebenzisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obuphezulu obuveliswa ngexesha le-laser notching ukuvelisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal lwasekhaya kwi-brittle material ukubangela ukuba izinto zophuke. ecaleni kwemijelo emincinci. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba oku kunqunyulwa kwekhefu elilawulwayo akufanelekile ukusika iikona ezibukhali kunye neekona zekona. Ukusika iimilo ezinkulu ezivaliweyo ezongezelelweyo akukho lula ukufikelela ngempumelelo. Isantya sokusika i-fracture elawulwayo ikhawuleza kwaye ayifuni amandla aphezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle koko kuya kubangela ukuba umphezulu we-workpiece uncibilike kwaye wonakalise umda we-seam yokusika. Iiparamitha zolawulo eziphambili ngamandla e-laser kunye nobukhulu bendawo.