Ukusika i-Laser kungenziwa noma ngaphandle kwegesi yokusiza ukusiza ukususa impahla encibilikisiwe noma ehwamuke. Ngokusho kwamagesi asizayo ahlukene asetshenzisiwe, ukusika kwe-laser kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine: ukusika kwe-vaporization, ukusika ukuncibilika, ukusika kwe-oxidation flux kanye nokusika okulawulwayo kokuphuka.

 

(1) Ukusikwa kwe-vaporization

I-laser ene-high-energy-density beam isetshenziselwa ukushisa i-workpiece, okwenza izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu lezinto likhuphuke ngokushesha futhi lifinyelele endaweni yokubilisa yezinto ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, okwanele ukugwema ukuncibilika okubangelwa ukuqhutshwa kokushisa. Impahla iqala ukuhwamuka, futhi ingxenye yezinto iyahwamuka ibe isitimu bese iyanyamalala. Isivinini sokuphuma salezi zihwamuko sishesha kakhulu. Ngenkathi ama-vapor ekhishiwe, ingxenye yento esetshenziswayo iphephethwa isuka phansi lapho kuqhekeka khona igesi elisizayo eligeleza njengama-ejections, kwakheka umsinsi kokubalulekile. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokusika i-vaporization, umhwamuko ususa izinhlayiya ezincibilikile kanye nemfucumfucu egeziwe, yenza izimbobo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhwamuka, cishe u-40% wezinto ezibonakalayo unyamalala njengomhwamuko, kuyilapho u-60% wezinto ezibonakalayo ususwa ukugeleza komoya ngendlela yamaconsi ancibilikisiwe. Ukushisa kwe-vaporization yezinto ngokuvamile kukhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukusika kwe-laser vaporization kudinga amandla amakhulu namandla amakhulu. Ezinye izinto ezingenakuncibilika, njengokhuni, izinto zekhabhoni kanye namapulasitiki athile, zisikwa zibe izimo ngale ndlela.Ukusika umhwamuko we-laser kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukusika izinto zensimbi ezacile kakhulu nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi (njengephepha, indwangu, ukhuni. , ipulasitiki nerabha, njll.).

 

(2) Ukuncibilika ukusika

Izinto zensimbi zincibilika ngokushisisa nge-laser beam. Uma ukuminyana kwamandla ohlaka lwe-laser yesigameko ludlula inani elithile, ingaphakathi lento lapho ugongolo lufakwe imisebe luqala ukuhwamuka, lwenze izimbobo. Uma imbobo enjalo yakhiwe, isebenza njengomzimba omnyama futhi idonsa wonke amandla e-beam yesigameko. Imbobo encane izungezwe udonga lwensimbi encibilikisiwe, bese kuthi igesi engeyona i-oxidizing (Ar, He, N, njll.) ifuthwe nge-nozzle coaxial nge-beam. Ukucindezela okunamandla kwegesi kubangela ukuthi insimbi ewuketshezi ezungeze umgodi ikhishwe. Njengoba i-workpiece inyakaza, Imbobo encane ihamba ngokuhambisanayo endaweni yokusika ukuze yakhe ukusika. I-laser beam iqhubeka ngonqenqema oluhamba phambili lokusikeka, futhi into encibilikisiwe iphephethwa isuke ekusikeni ngendlela eqhubekayo noma eshayayo. Ukusika ukuncibilika kwe-laser akudingi ukuhwamuka okuphelele kwensimbi, futhi amandla adingekayo yi-1/10 kuphela yokusika kwe-vaporization. Ukusika okuncibilikisa nge-laser kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukusika ezinye izinto ezingafakwa i-oxidized kalula noma izinsimbi ezisebenzayo, njengensimbi engagqwali, i-titanium, i-aluminium nama-alloys azo.

 

(3) Ukusikwa kwe-oxidation flux

Umgomo ufana nokusika kwe-oxygen-acetylene. Isebenzisa i-laser njengomthombo wokushisa oshisa ngaphambili kanye nomoya-mpilo noma enye igesi esebenzayo njengegesi yokusika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igesi eshaywayo ibhekana nokusabela kwe-oxidation ngensimbi yokusika futhi ikhiphe inani elikhulu lokushisa kwe-oxidation; ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-oxide encibilikisiwe kanye nokuncibilika kushaywa ngaphandle kwendawo yokusabela ukuze kwakheke ukusikeka ensimbi. Njengoba ukusabela kwe-oxidation phakathi nenqubo yokusika kukhiqiza inani elikhulu lokushisa, amandla adingekayo ekusikeni umoya-mpilo we-laser yi-1/2 kuphela yalawo okusika okuncibilika, futhi isivinini sokusika sikhulu kakhuluukusika umphunga we-laser nokuncibilika kokusika.

 

(4) Ukusika kwe-fracture okulawulwayo

Okwezinto ezi-brittle ezilinyazwa kalula ukushisa, i-laser ene-high-energy-density-density beam isetshenziselwa ukuskena ingaphezulu le-brittle material ukuze kuhwamuke umsele omncane lapho impahla ishiselwa, bese kusetshenziswa ingcindezi ethile ukwenza umsebenzi ophezulu- isivinini, ukusika okulawulwayo ngokusebenzisa ukushisa kwe-laser beam. Impahla izohlukaniswa eduze kwama-grooves amancane. Umgomo wale nqubo yokusika ukuthi i-laser beam ishisa indawo yendawo.i-brittle material, ebangela i-gradient enkulu yokushisa kanye nokuguqulwa okunzima kwemishini endaweni, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwemifantu ezintweni. Inqobo nje uma i-gradient yokushisisa igcinwa, i-laser beam ingaqondisa ukudalwa nokusakazeka kunoma iyiphi indawo oyifunayo.I-fracture elawulwayo isebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamazinga okushisa aphakeme okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-laser ukuze kukhiqizwe ukucindezeleka okushisayo kwendawo ku-brittle material ukuze kubangele ukuphuka. eduze kwemigodi emincane. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kunqunywa kwekhefu okulawulwayo akufanelekile ukusika amakhona abukhali nama-seams ekhoneni. Ukusika izimo ezinkulu ezivaliwe ezingeziwe nakho akulula ukuzuza ngempumelelo. Ijubane lokusika le-fracture elawulwayo liyashesha futhi alidingi amandla aphezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho lizokwenza ukuthi ubuso be-workpiece buncibilike futhi bulimaze umkhawulo womthungo wokusika. Amapharamitha okulawula amakhulu amandla e-laser nosayizi wendawo.